Israel’s Military Actions in Lebanon: Concerns Over IHL Compliance

On 23 September 2024, Lebanon experienced one of its deadliest days in decades as hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah escalated. Tens of thousands of Lebanese civilians were forced to flee their homes, amidst Israeli airstrikes targeting Hezbollah-linked sites and civilian infrastructure across 40 towns and cities. This surge in violence and systematic destruction raises concerns regarding compliance with International Humanitarian Law (IHL).

By the end of the day, over 500 civilians were reported dead, 1,800 injured, and more than a million displaced. The ongoing conflict has devastated Lebanon's infrastructure, including healthcare facilities, water systems, and essential services. This paper examines the application of International Humanitarian Law principles, such as proportionality and precautions in attack, to minimize harm to civilians and ensure lawful conduct during armed conflicts.

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 *Cover photo credit: Hussein Baydoun/ Al Araby al Jadeed